The no-observed-adverse-effect level of Vigiis 101 in this assay was greater than 5000 mg/kg/day in both male and female rats. For comparison, the expected maximal dose of Vigiis 101 in human food is expected to be 800 mg/kg/day. This study demonstrates that Vigiis 101 has no mutagenic/genotoxic effects based on the results of the Ames test, the in vitro chromosomal aberration test, or the in vivo micronucleus assay;

Selleck Epigenetic inhibitor there was no evidence of toxicity in the 28-day oral toxicity assay at 5000 mg/kg/day in rats. Taken together, these results support the safety of Vigiis 101 made from L. paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101. The research grant and Vigiis 101 were provided by SunWay Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan. (United States Food and Drug Administration, 2003). Members of Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan assisted us in the experimental design and execution of this work. “
“Honokiol is a small-molecule natural component isolated from the genus Magnolia with two phenolic groups that confer antioxidant properties ( Fig 1). Recently, honokiol has been found to have antimicrobial ( Kim et al, 2010), anti-inflammatory ( Chen et al, 2014), antithrombotic ( Hu et al, Selleck Z VAD FMK 2005), antitumorigenic ( Bai et al., 2003 and Fried and Arbiser, 2009; Ishkawa et al, 2012;) and neuroprotective properties ( Fukuyama

et al., 2002, Hu et al., 2013, Harada et al., 2012 and Zhang et al., 2013) in preclinical models. Honokiol is liposoluble and can readily cross the blood brain barrier to exert its neuroprotective effects through a wide range of mechanisms. However, its poor water solubility has caused some administration problems. In order to solve the problem of solubility and to study the protective effects on central nerve system, honokiol microemulsion has been prepared and its influence on global ischemia in mice has been investigated. The results showed that honokiol can significantly increase the breath time of mice

and decrease lactic acid contents and augment ATP level in brain homogenate in this global ischemia model. The mechanism of its effect may be correlated with its alleviating ischemia status, inhibiting energy consumption, reducing MPTP opening and inhibiting PARP-1 over action, thus protects neural cells ( Yang et al, 2012). However, Sucrase the information regarding the toxicity of honokiol microemultion is very limited. This study was designed to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of honokiol microemulsion, with the purpose of obtaining information on the safety of honokiol microemulsion to provide guidance for clinical applications. Honokiol microemultion is a slight yellow oily liquid with the content of 10mg/ml developed by Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Peking University (Beijing, China). During the study, the test article was stored in the dark with a temperature of 2-8 °C and dissolved in a 0.