The reason for this is that it is practically impossible to make direct measurements of the heat production. The most one can do is to take simultaneously defined empirical quantum yields of fluorescence Φfl and of photosynthesis Φph and use them to calculate the yields of the heat production as values complementary to the unity of the sum of the quantum yields of fluorescence and photosynthesis, that is, on the basis of relationships that are rearrangements of equation (1). MK-2206 molecular weight Unfortunately, I neither possess nor have been unable to find in the available

literature such data containing yield ΦH indirectly determined empirically for different environmental conditions in the sea in quantities sufficient to make statistical generalizations. In this situation, to derive the model of the dependence of the heat production in the sea on environmental selleck chemical factors I have used two models that I developed

independently or in cooperation with others, the successively updated versions of which were published in the reports mentioned below. These are models of two complementary means by which the excitation energies of pigment molecules in the photosynthetic apparatus are dissipated, namely, photosynthesis in the sea and the Sun-Induced Chlorophyll a Fluorescence (SICF) in the sea. These models and the results of the subsequent modelling performed on their basis will now be described. As already mentioned, the model description of the dependence of the heat production in the sea on environmental factors, presented in this work, is a kind of synthesis of two models that I developed earlier

independently or with the cooperation of other scientists. The first is the model of photosynthesis in the sea and, in particular, its quantum yield Φph. It was developed successively, starting in 1992 (Woźniak et al., 1992a, Woźniak et al., 1992b, Woźniak et al., 1995, Woźniak et al., 2002, Woźniak et al., 2003, Woźniak et al., 2007, Dera, 1995 and Ficek et also al., 2000), and the latest synthetic version can be found in Ostrowska (2012). This model is founded on the results of statistical analyses of primary production measured in situ, and the basic environmental parameters governing this production (temperature, irradiance, chlorophyll concentration) in different trophic types of basins of the World Ocean, though mainly in the Black and Baltic Seas. The other model I am going to use in this work is the model of the quantum yield of the natural fluorescence of chlorophyll a in the sea Φfl, which I have been working on since 2009 ( Ostrowska, 2010 and Ostrowska, 2011); the latest updated version will be found in Ostrowska (2012).