1995). This approach generates eco-regions that would reflect species distributions and thereby be useful for protecting biodiversity. It is focused on charting an area’s characteristic species Kinase Inhibitor Library composition and environmental variation, as biodiversity cannot be captured in terms of species richness alone. Setting conservation

priorities gets even more complicated in a densely populated and industrialized country such as the Netherlands. Here, endemic species are absent and species numbers do not indicate regional priorities, as the patterns of species groups coincide only to a limited extent (Schouten et al. 2009). Given the growing tension in spatial planning between intensive land use and space

for nature, the most pressing issue for Dutch conservationists is to determine where the main regions of interest for biodiversity are located. Fortunately, the Netherlands Selleckchem Z-IETD-FMK is one of the most closely monitored countries in the world. General biodiversity data are available for many taxonomic groups at a detailed level. Thus, there is no need to fill gaps in the data by means of extrapolation or predictive modeling, for CP-690550 mw example. This study therefore analyzes the patterns of biodiversity directly, without recourse to extrapolation, surrogate species or complementarity approaches. Patterns in species distribution of well-studied groups such as birds and vascular plants have already been documented for the Netherlands (Witte and van der Meijden 2000; Kwak and van den Berg 2004). However, Sinomenine distribution patterns of different taxonomic groups display varying levels of congruence (Prendergast et al. 1993; Reid 1998; Pawar et al. 2007). This would justify the use of a multi-taxon approach to more accurately represent the

country’s ecological diversity (Carey et al. 1995; Maes and Bonte 2007; Diffendorfer et al. 2007). Therefore, this paper concentrates on five less-studied taxonomic groups to enable the identification of areas of biogeographical interest for these groups. Apart from alteration of their habitat, these groups are hardly subject to human activities (i.e., planting, hunting) that might change the distribution of populations, and they display a broad range of life strategies. Among the vertebrates, our analysis includes reptiles and amphibians; among the plant species, it includes the mosses. Among the invertebrates, it spans three groups: the aquatic carnivorous dragonflies; the terrestrial phytophagous grasshoppers; and the group of the hoverflies with larvae exhibiting various life strategies (terrestrial vs. aquatic; carnivorous or phytophagous; or saprophytic). A sufficiently large and good-quality dataset on their nationwide distribution was available at a suitable resolution. Methods Research area The Netherlands is a small country (41,500 km2) in northwestern Europe.