Methods: Using DSM-IV criteria, the study included 69 patients with BP-II (19 with BP+AD; 28 with BP-AD) and 22 healthy controls compared using a battery of neuropsychological tests that assessed memory, psychomotor speed, and certain aspects of frontal
executive function. All BP-II patients were in an inter-episode period (a period of remission between states of mania, hypomania, and depression).
Results: BP+AD patients had lower scores than did BP-AD patients and controls in verbal memory, visual memory, attention, psychomotor speed, and executive function. Working memory was poorer for BP AD than BP-AD patients and for both BP groups than for controls.
Conclusions: BP+AD patients manifested wide neuropsychological dysfunctions, and BP-AD patients showed a reduction in check details working memory, which suggested that working memory might be related to a history of BP-II. Neuropsychological dysfunctions seemed more strongly associated with AB/AD than with BP-II in inter-episode periods. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Understanding how epigenetics influences the process and progress of a stroke could yield new targets and therapeutics for use in the clinic. Experimental evidence
suggests that inhibitors of zinc-dependent THZ1 in vitro histone deacetylases can protect neurons, axons, and associated glia from the devastating effects of oxygen and glucose deprivation. While the specific enzymes involved have yet to be clearly identified, there are hints from somewhat
selective chemical inhibitors and also from the use of specific small hairpin RNAs to transiently knockdown protein expression. Neuroprotective mechanisms implicated thus far include the upregulation of extracellular glutamate clearance, inhibition of FHPI p53-mediated cell death, and maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. The histone deacetylases have distinct cellular and subcellular localizations, and discrete substrates. As a number of chemical inhibitors are already in clinical use for the treatment of cancer, repurposing for the stroke clinic should be expedited.”
“Background. Middle-aged and older adults with diabetes are heterogeneous and may be characterized as belonging to one of three clinical groups: a relatively healthy group, a group having characteristics likely to make diabetes self-management difficult, and a group with poor health status for whom current management targets have uncertain benefit.
Methods. We analyzed waves 2004-2008 of the Health and Retirement Study and the supplemental Health and Retirement Study 2003 Diabetes Study. The sample included adults with diabetes 51 years and older (n = 3,507, representing 13.6 million in 2004). We investigated the mortality outcomes for the three clinical groups, using survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard models.
Results.