Conclusions: The risk

of VTE in patients undergoing RP is low and not significantly reduced with the administration of prophylactic heparin/SCDs compared with SCDs alone.”
“Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an accepted bariatric procedure. Swallow studies VX-661 in vitro (SS) after LSG are not uniform and display different patterns with regard to contrast passage through the gastric sleeve. The impact of immediate postoperative contrast transit time on weight loss has not been studied. The influence of immediate fluid tolerance on weight loss after LSG is herein reported.

Ninety-nine patients after LSG were included. There were 67 females, mean age 41 (range 17-67), mean BMI 44.4 (range 37-75). A routine SS was performed on postoperative day (POD) 1. Pattern of contrast transit was noted. Patients were followed-up in our bariatric clinic.

Percent excess weight loss was significantly lower in the patients with rapid contrast passage (Group 1, n = 50) than those with delayed passage (Group 2, n = 49). Group

1 achieved 62, 58, and 53 % at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, while Group 2 attained 69, 74, and 75 % at the same time points (p = 0.05, 0.001, and 0.04, respectively). Group 1 patients displayed a negative weight loss trend after 1 year whereas Group 2 patients plateaued after 2 years.

Tolerance of fluid intake BAY 57-1293 after LSG is crucial for patient recovery and discharge. Distinct radiologic appearance on POD 1 helps predict this behavior. Mid-term weight loss after LSG appears to be dependent on immediate postoperative contrast transit time, whereas patients with slow contrast passage tend to lose more weight. Long-term follow-up will reveal whether this finding will

hold true.”
“Stress is an important factor in the initiation and maintenance of smoking in adolescents. Women are more vulnerable to the development OSI-906 of addiction to smoking and have more difficulty quitting than men. Women also showe enhanced responses to stress. Despite these differences, no work has been done examining the effects of stress on the reinforcing efficacy of self-administered nicotine in adolescent rats, or if there are sex differences. Male and female adolescent Long Evans rats were trained to self-administer one of three different intravenous doses of nicotine (7.5, 15, 30g/kg/infusion) first on fixed ratio, and then on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule beginning on postnatal day 33. The effect of the pharmacological stressor yohimbine (0.3, 0.6mg/kg, i.p.) on the reinforcing efficacy of nicotine was then determined using the PR schedule. Yohimbine stimulated nicotine intake and increased PR breakpoints and numbers of infusions received in both male and female adolescent rats. The infusion dose of nicotine was positively associated with yohimbine-induced increases in responding.