Minute ventilation and oxygen uptake were also measured. Results: Root mean square (RMS) of the diaphragmatic EMG increased gradually without a plateau during incremental exercise, whereas the RMS increased initially and reached a plateau during constant work rate exercise. The RMS of the diaphragmatic EMG at the end of exercise was similar for both incremental and constant work rate exercise
(176 +/- 42 mu V vs. 184 +/- 39 mu V); these values were 70 and 73% of maximal values recorded over the study. Conclusions: The pattern of increase in neural respiratory drive during incremental exercise is different to that observed BV-6 during constant work rate exercise, but both exercise protocols are terminated when the patients achieve a similar but submaximal drive. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objective: The research determining odors recognizable by children from Poland and Eastern Europe has not been widely described in the literature. The aim of the study was to determine the odors recognizable by Polish children which could be used in a screening olfactory test.
Methods: The study was performed in Children’s Hospital in Warsaw. Ninety-one children aged
from 2.9 years to 10 years (SD = 5.6 years) were examined, 85 (93.4%) of which completed a full olfactory test. Children were separated into three age groups. The olfactory test consisted of 21 ��-catenin signaling odors.
Results: The analysis of the results of all children’s examinations showed statistically significant influence of age on the number of odors identified Citarinostat mouse (p = 0.0001; r = 0.676).
The olfactory test score enabled identification of 6 odors to be included in the screening test: bubble gum, lemon, cola, mint, toffee, fish. Correct identification of at least 4 out of them was accepted as a norm and was achieved by 96.5% of children.
Conclusions: Olfactory evaluation is possible for children as young as 3 years old. Child’s age influences the number of odors recognized and the specific odors recognition
depends also on the home place geographic location and eating habits. Eastern European children most often recognized the following odors: bubble gum, lemon, cola, mint, toffee and fish, as so these odors were considered for olfactory screening test. The 6 odors test has good ability to generalize performance to olfactory status, has normative data and good validity and reliability, is fast, easy and inexpensive to administer. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Some individuals with moderate/severe persistent asthma develop irreversible airway obstruction. These individuals present with dyspnoea, exercise intolerance and impaired quality of life (QOL), all of which could potentially be alleviated with exercise training.