The medium was removed with chemical library screening 4 EST and the cells washed, prior to insulin stimulation. Using this protocol, insulin stimulation was not in a medium that carried out 4 EST, excluding the M Possibility that the observed effects due to defective insulin itself.Wealso were previously shown that the cytotoxic effect of hydroxy alkenals is due to F Ability, covalent adducts with proteins form. Contrary to what was shown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we were not recognized by the IRS adduct 4 EST 1, although the covalent adduct is an m Glicher mechanism of toxicity T 4 EST. Numerous studies have shown that both endogenous and di Tetischen antioxidants k Can tissue from oxidative Sch To protect, and many recent studies on the identification of natural substances to concentrate with a high potential for protection, trap free radicals or their suppliers were able to by-products. Diabetes treatment with therapies with antioxidants and / or scanning of drugs was investigated in several studies, and a plethora of scientific reports have shown, protecting cells from oxidative stress by antioxidant compounds. In addition, S Acid lipo That is a natural biological antioxidant and a cofactor of mitochondrial dehydrogenase complex, was found to Insulinsensitivit t increases in animal models of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Therefore, we chose a pharmacological approach with multiple connections, the m Legally possible to Syk inhibition protect k Nnte the cells from the beautiful effects dlichen OF4 HNE.Weused D3T use the natural compound present in cruciferous vegetables, increased hen Ren the intracellular glutathione and glutathione S-transferases. Tats Chlich achieve the detoxification of 4 EST in vivo by glutathione and glutathione-especially S-transferases, and several groups have suggested that the increase of the intracellular to protect Ren pools of glutathione to the toxic aldehyde. In parallel, weused, Sat, a co-substrate for the synthesis of several enzymes, cysteine, a precursor for the production of glutathione, which proposed the mechanism for the antioxidant activity of SAM. We also tested NAC, a known antioxidant and AGD, an F singer nucleophile bef Higt is carbonyl carbohydrates.
In clinical studies, there is increasing evidence that S Acid lipo This has positive implications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and some of its complications. D3T, Sat, NAC and S Acid lipo These are all components that contain sulfur and k Nnte therefore share some characteristics, such as properties, for example, erh Increase in the content of GSH and antioxidant. In our model, the muscle cells, D3T were obtained Hen the GSH pool, making the beautiful effects effects dlichen OF4 HNEon adduct formation and glucose uptake. The same positive effects were observed after pretreatment of cells with Sa The r The importance of glutathione in protection against oxidative stress has been described in several models, but we Cannabinoid Receptor showed here for the first time that GSH is important for the insulin response in muscle maintain w During a challenge aldehyde. In line with previous reports, treatment induced a 4 EST erh Increase the intracellular Ren ROS production in L6 muscle cells. ROS is clearly an m Glicher mechanism for the inhibition of insulin signaling, but on the basis of our results, we propose a model in which redox-i.