1, SD = 0.8) than those who received placebo (M = 1.6, SD = 0.9), p < .001. These results held when we repeated selleckchem the analyses in the subsample of participants who achieved prolonged abstinence, as well as in those who reduced their smoking by at least 50% compared with their baseline level of smoking. Table 1. Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Sample by Treatment Group Table 2. Effects of OROS-MPH on Weight and Hunger Discussion Our findings suggest that the effects of OROS-MPH on body weight during a smoking-cessation attempt in adults with ADHD go beyond merely preventing the weight gain that typically accompanies cessation��individuals who received OROS-MPH lost an average of 1.4kg compared with an approximate 1kg weight gain among those who were received placebo.

These estimates were remarkably consistent across the treatment completer sample, the prolonged abstainer sample, and the reducer sample, and coupled with the previous finding that OROS-MPH was not more effective than placebo in promoting smoking cessation (Winhusen et al., 2010), suggest that the effect of OROS-MPH on weight is independent of smoking status. Our exploratory analyses also suggested that the effect of OROS-MPH was not moderated by gender or baseline BMI. The weight loss observed with OROS-MPH in this study is slightly less than that observed in other short-term ADHD treatment studies. For example, Biederman et al. (2006) reported an average loss of 2.7kg over a 6-week treatment period with OROS-MPH.

Although its effects on hunger GSK-3 and weight did not translate into better overall efficacy for smoking cessation in this study (Winhusen et al., 2010), when coupled with OROS-MPH��s previously established safety in smokers with ADHD and its efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms, this clear indication of its effects on postcessation weight gain suggests that future research on the potential benefit of OROS-MPH among particular subgroups of smokers with ADHD��such as those who are deterred from making a quit attempt due to weight concerns or who are prone to relapse as a result of weight gain��may be in order. At the same time, the side-effect profile of OROS-MPH (particularly, in comparison to smoking-cessation medications that can attenuate weight gain, such as bupropion and nicotine gum; Heffner et al., 2006) should be taken into consideration. A complete analysis of treatment-emergent adverse effects of OROS-MPH versus placebo can be found in Winhusen et al. (2010), but, briefly, OROS-MPH was associated with higher rates of psychomotor hyperactivity, dyspepsia, heart rate increase, and heart palpitations, in addition to decreased appetite. Several limitations of the study should be considered when interpreting the results.