18 +/- 7 92 and 10 99 +/- 8 98 fT/cm,

respectively, and t

18 +/- 7.92 and 10.99 +/- 8.98 fT/cm,

respectively, and the mean laterality index, expressed by [(left - right)/(left + right)] was 0.025 +/- 0.104. This parameter can be useful for evaluating patients with unilateral sensory abnormality of the tongue. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“Recent studies have suggested that neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemia could arise from dysfunction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 gene (Bcl-2) has been described as an inhibitor Selleckchem Flavopiridol both in programmed cell death (PCD) and ER dysfunction during apoptosis, and the Bcl-2 family play a key role in regulating the PCD, both locally at the ER and from a distance at the mitochondrial membrane. However, its signal pathways and concrete mechanisms in endoplasmic reticulum-initiated apoptosis remain incompletely understood. We therefore

investigate whether ischemia/reperfusion (I[R) selleck kinase inhibitor causes neuronal apoptosis in part via cross-talk between ER and mitochondria or not, and how the overexpression of Bcl-2 prevents this form of cell death. Here we show that analogous I/R-induced cell death occurs consequent to interactions of ER stress and mitochondrial death pathways. The participation of the mitochondrial pathway was demonstrated by the release of cytochrome C (cyt C) from mitochondrial into cytoplasmic fractions and caspase-9 cleavage. The involvement of ER stress was further supported by the observable increase of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78)/BiP expression and caspase-12 activity. Furthermore, prior to these changes, swelling of the ER lumen and dissociation of ribosomes from rough ER were detected by electron microscopy. Bcl-2 overexpression inhibits the release of SB-3CT cyt C and the activation of caspase-9/-8/-3 but not caspase-12 based on the results of Western blot. These suggest that cross-talk

between ER and mitochondria participate in neuronal damage after ischemia/reperfusion. Bcl-2 overexpression could suppress I/R-induced neuronal apoptosis via influencing mitochondrial integrity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“Background In rural India, most births take place in the home, where high-risk care practices are common. We developed an intervention of behaviour change management, with a focus on prevention of hypothermia, aimed at modifying practices and reducing neonatal mortality.

Methods We did a cluster-randomised controlled efficacy trial in Shivgarh, a rural area in Uttar Pradesh.

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