29 In a subsequent trial of elderly patients aged 60 to 80 years with recurrent depression, Reynolds et al59 reported a modest advantage for the combination over maintenance pharmacotherapy alone in this more brittle population. Future directions As we proceed into the 21st century, there is a clear need Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical for more information about the relative efficacy of pharmacotherapy-psychotherapy combinations or sequences versus either pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy provided as monotherapies. This is a particularly

Selleck YM155 striking lack inasmuch as we know that the majority of private practitioners, at least in the USA, still see combination as the ideal treatment, and combination therapy is recommended in the treatment guidelines Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical promulgated by the American Psychiatric Association. Not only do we need to know whether combinations are superior to monotherapies, but we also need to know how combination treatment is best practiced, ie, what are the advantages and disadvantages to both treatments

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical being provided by a single practitioner versus pharmacotherapist-psychotheraplst treatment teams working in coordination versus completely independent practitioners providing pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy to the same individual. While the fully integrated approach

in which a single clinician provides both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may represent the most efficient method, it may not be Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the most economical method of providing combination treatment. Fully integrated teams of practitioners who are in continuous communication would appear to have multiple advantages Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical over independent practitioners providing pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy separately to the same patient. In addition to more information about the benefits of combining classic forms of the empirically validated psychotheraples with pharmacotherapy, there is increasing interest in adaptations of Edoxaban these treatments designed to address specific patient needs. Our own research group, for example, has taken on the challenge of adapting IPT to the needs of patients with syndromal and subsyndromal anxiety comorbidity Results of an initial open study suggest that this adaptation, which focuses particularly on the ways in which anxiety may interfere with the ability to make use of and benefit from traditional IPT, clear advantages of this treatment over traditional IPT both when used as a monotherapy and when offered in a sequential design that permits the addition of pharmacotherapy.