These cultures had been isolated from 22 patients at metropolitan hospitals and three animals at Veterinary Institutes. Selleckchem Midostaurin Eight of the human isolates were identified as P. boydii, 11 as S. apiospermum and three as S. prolificans. Isolates of S. apiospermum and P. boydii were from localised infections in immunocompetent patients, after trauma in two cases; from the lungs of patients with predisposing pulmonary disorders, such as cystic fibrosis or mycobacterial infection; and from immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancies or after heart, lung or heart/lung transplantation. Scedosporium prolificans isolates were

from immunocompromised patients, one of whom had received a heart transplant, another had HIV infection and the third suffered with acute Epigenetics inhibitor myelogenous leukaemia and died with disseminated infection. An isolate from the vaginal discharge of a horse with an infected uterus was identified as S. apiospermum. Isolates from aseptically collected milk samples from a goat and a cow with histories of mastitis, were identified as P. boydii. This study records the spectrum of infections caused by these opportunistic fungal pathogens in Melbourne from 1977 to 1995. “
“Summary  Fungaemia is an increasing nosocomial pathology.

The ‘gold standard’ for detection of fungaemia is blood culture, but it is time-consuming and its sensitivity for early detection is low. On the other hand, yeasts present different antifungal sensitivity patterns to be quickly detected to allow an effective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performances of PNA-FISH to directly identify yeasts from blood Bay 11-7085 cultures and to compare

results with those obtained by culture. A total of 176 blood cultures positive for yeasts at direct Gram stain and 24 negative blood cultures as control collected from 15 Italian hospitals, included in a network coordinated by the Medical Mycology Committee, Italian Society of Clinical Microbiology (AMCLI), were examined both by culture and PNA-FISH technology. Sensitivity of the PNA-FISH technique evaluated for five Candida species was 99.3% and specificity, 100%. Distinguishing which yeast is implicated in fungaemia and whether the infection is caused by multiple species are important for the selection of antifungal therapy. The PNA-FISH technique is a very useful approach because the test discriminates between groups of Candida species with different susceptibility pattern, particularly against azoles and echinocandins, with only a 90-minute turn-around time after the Gram-stain reading.