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“Background: Although glenoid component failure is one of the most common complications of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty, substantial evidence from the recent published literature is lacking regarding the temporal trend in the rate of this complication and the risk factors for its occurrence.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and

identified twenty-seven articles presenting data on glenoid component failure rates that met the inclusion criteria. These articles represented data from 3853 total shoulder arthroplasties performed from 1976 to 2007.

Results: Asymptomatic radiolucent lines ON-01910 research buy occurred at a rate of 7.3% per year after the primary shoulder replacement. Symptomatic glenoid loosening occurred at 1.2% per year, and surgical revision occurred at 0.8% per year. There was no significant evidence that the rate of R406 mw symptomatic loosening has diminished over time. Keeled components had greater rates of asymptomatic radiolucent lines compared with pegged components

in side-by-side comparison studies. However, as a result of wide variability in outcomes reporting, only sex, Walch class, and diagnosis were significantly associated with the risk of glenoid component failure in the overall analysis.

Conclusions: This is the first systematic review of the published evidence on glenoid component failure. Although the authors of individual articles proposed various risk factors for glenoid component failure, many of these relationships were not significant in the present study. A consistent methodological click here approach to future investigations is likely to improve the quality of the evidence on which patients, techniques,

and prostheses are selected for total shoulder arthroplasty.”
“Background : Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant tumor of the thyroid and BRAF (V600E) is the most frequent genetic alteration in PTCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of BRAF mutation, especially in very small PTCs. Methods : We analyzed the presence of the BRAF mutation in PTCs in subgroups defined by tumor size (0.5 cm intervals). Results : Of 140 patients, 85 (60.7%) showed a BRAF mutation. The frequency of BRAF mutation in the subgroup was: 45/70 (64.3%) in tumors less than 0.5 cm in size, 18/28 (64.3%) in 0.6-1 cm tumors, 10/22 (45.5%) in 1.1-1.5 cm tumors, and 12/20 (60.0%) in 1.6-2 cm tumors. There was no statistically significant association between BRAF mutation and tumor size (p = 0.44). Similarly, BRAF mutation was not statistically related to age, sex, stage, perithyroidal extension or lymph node metastasis. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, tumor sizes larger than 0.5 cm were associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 3.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.81 to 7.91; p < 0.01). Conclusions : The BRAF mutation is not related to tumor size even in very small PTCs.