A trend for lower basal lipid oxidation was observed in myotubes derived from T2D patients (p = 0.051) ( Fig. 2C). Rates of lactate production, as well as phenylalanine incorporation into protein either at baseline or after insulin stimulation was unaltered between myotubes derived from T2D versus NGT subjects ( Fig. 2B and D). A total of 1804 individual protein spots were detected, matched and quantified through all gel images. Over 1500 of these spots showed coefficient of

variation (CV) for the quantitative values below 10% in 4 technical replicates, using SameSpot analysis. These spots were detected and quantified in Progenesis SameSpot software and later mapped to learn more images of preparative gels using PDQuest image analysis software and subsequently excised with the EXQuest spot picker robot. We identified 92 spots, with one certain MS based ID, with intensities that differed

between myotubes derived from T2D versus NGT patients (q < 0.01). In total, the intensity of 92 protein spots were found to be statistically different in myotubes from T2D versus NGT subjects (q < 0.01). Altogether, 149 different proteins could be identified in these 92 protein spots (Supplementary Table 1). To avoid incorrect interpretation, we have chosen to only report data from single hit spots (33 spots) or from spots (14 spots) see more where one of the identified protein were clearly dominating the protein content of the spot or entitled as MIAD for “multiple identification

assignments with one dominating protein” in Table 2. Thus, 47 proteins were determined with certainty to be differently increased or decreased between T2D and NGT subjects ( Table 2). The remaining multiple identification assignment spots that showed clear differences in intensities between T2D and NGT subjects are not reported here. Further validation of these proteins is required before establishing that they are differently expressed in myotubes from T2Ds as compared to NGT subjects (Supplementary Olopatadine Table 1). To uncover possible relationships between the identified sets of differentially abundant proteins (Table 2), functional and canonical pathway analysis was performed using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA, Ingenuity® Systems). The differentially abundant proteins that qualified as “network eligible molecules” were overlaid onto the IPA database of canonical pathways (well-defined pathways). The uncorrected p-value (right-tailed Fisher’s exact test p-value) was used to calculate a p-value, which determined the probability that each biological function assigned to a particular data set was due to chance alone. In addition, the Benjamini–Hochberg multiple testing correction p-value for the enrichment was also considered and reported. Proteins with differential abundance between T2D versus NGT subjects were over-represented in several canonical pathways (Table 3 and Fig. 3).