As shown in Table 2, 398 patients/subjects had rs9277378 GG genotype: 283 (56.6%) HBV selleck chemical Belinostat carriers and 115 (44.4%) subjects with HBV clearance. Among these 398 patients/subjects, there was no significant difference between the HBV carriers and HBV clearance subjects in the proportion of the protective allele of rs3077 (A allele proportion=9.2% vs. 11.3%, respectively; p=0.727) and rs3128917 (T allele proportion=13.8% vs. 17.4%, respectively; p=0.254). Haplotype Analysis LD information of these 3 SNPs for our 3 study groups is shown in Table S2. Haplotype analysis was also performed to assess the effect of the combination of these SNPs on HBV chronicity and clearance of HBV. Of the 8 possible haplotypes out of these 3 SNPs, 5 common haplotypes (with overall haplotype frequencies >0.05) were identified.

As shown in Table 3, comparing to the haplotype containing all 3 risk alleles (CGG), the haplotypes TAT and CAT were associated with a higher chance of HBV clearance (for TAT: OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.21�C2.24, p=0.0013; and for CAT: OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.35�C2.9, p=0.00041). Since both haplotype CAT and TAT were associated with HBV clearance, we also performed haplotype analysis on only the last 2 SNPs (rs9277378 and rs3128917; both at HLA-DPB1 gene). The haplotype AT was significantly associated with an increased chance of HBV clearance (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.32�C2.18, p=3.66��10?5, with reference to haplotype GG). Table 3 Haplotype association with chronicity and clearance of HBV infection, with the most common haplotype, CGG, as the reference.

Association between HLA-DP Polymorphisms and HBV Disease Activity Among the 500 HBV carriers, 192 (38.4%) were asymptomatic inactive carriers (HBV DNA levels <2,000 IU/ml and persistently normal ALT for least 12 months). The active carriers were significantly older than the inactive carriers (mean age: 48.1��12.3 vs. 44.7��11.7 years, respectively; p=0.002), and there was a higher percentage of male in the active carriers (66%) than in the inactive carriers (53%; p=0.003). Association analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the allele frequency of rs3077, rs9277378, and rs3128917 between the active and inactive HBV carriers (p=0.175, 0.240, and 0.656, respectively). Similarly, there were no significant genotypic differences between the active and inactive carriers when with the dominant model (p=0.

341, 0.411 and 0.495 for rs3077, rs9277378 and rs3128917, respectively) and additive model (p=0.172, 0.229 and 0.663 for rs3077, rs9277378 and rs3128917, respectively) were applied. None of the haplotypes was associated with HBV disease activity (all p>0.05). Discussion Recent GWAS studies have suggested that certain variations in the HLA-DP regions are associated AV-951 with protection against chronic hepatitis B as well as viral clearance [13], [14], [15].