Cell proliferation and permeability t Clofarabine Clolar Helial but also a r In maintaining the integrity t of the endothelial cells in adult animals. Protein kinase C is an enzyme phospholipiddependent CA21 and serine and threonine residues in a variety of cellular Phosphorylated other proteins. In Glomerulumzellen of diabetic animals and mesangial cells, high glucose, de novo synthesis of postulated DAG, activate PKC, whereby the cytosol peptide or the selective PKC isoforms. In addition, L St the cascade activated mitogen-activated protein kinase PKC. Previous studies have shown that PKC isoforms A and B1 in vivo, in membrane fractions of the glomeruli of diabetic rats and in vitro in mesangial cells, high blood sugar levels, increases ht, w While PKC b2, it was reported that, preferably, in the aorta and heart of diabetic rats activated. Studies have also shown that the PKC-b gene L Research or treatment protects LY333531 against diabetes by a Erh Increase in renal hypertrophy, glomerular Re hyperfiltration, ECM production, and reactive oxygen species, w While the removal of PKC A reduces proteinuria. These data suggest that two physiologically important features of DN, renal hypertrophy and proteinuria, which are regulated by different signaling pathways PKCs. Curcumin, an m Chtiges antioxidant, is a component of turmeric in the plant Curcuma longa found and has been used for centuries in the treatment of inflammatory and conditions. The mounting evidence suggests that curcumin has a wide range of molecular targets. Among the molecular targets are transcription factors, transcription coactivator, growth factors and their receptors, cytokines, enzymes and genes that are controlled Slow cell proliferation and apoptosis. Other effects of curcumin are completely Requests reference requests getting inhibit the activity t of several protein kinases Including Lich phosphorylase kinase, protamine kinase and PKC. However, little is known whether only the activity of curcumin t PKC a, b1 inhibits that of PKC, or both
. Accordingly, we have tried, the effects of curcumin on the improvement of ECM accumulation confinement in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by PKC ERK1 / 2 pathway and its downstream signaling pathways Lich the generation of ROS which investigate VEGF induction and accumulation of basement membrane proteins. 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Drugs and chemicals Unless otherwise indicated, all reagents were of analytical quality, and were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. 2.2 animals male pattern Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250 280 g were obtained from Charles River Japan. Diabetes was by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 55mg/kg K Body weight in 20 mM sodium citrate buffer saline Solution, pH 4.5, diluted and injected induced within 5 min manufacture. Age matched non-diabetic control rats were each injected with an equal volume of citrate buffer. The rats were treated with free access to water and feed w Maintained during the study period, and the animals were treated in accordance with the Guidelines for Animal Experiments of the Institute. Each week, rats were weighed and their blood glucose was measured using ball Medi s Rs and only animals with blood glucose were STZtreated Z300mg/dL considered diabetic. Three weeks after induction of diabetes, rats were various