Given its pivotal role in maintaining the rate of cell growth and division in the quiescent centre of the root, it was hypothesized that the AA-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants vtc1-1,

vtc2-1, vtc3-1, and vtc4-1 have altered root growth. To test this hypothesis, root development was studied in the wild type and vtc mutants grown on Murashige Wnt signaling and Skoog medium. It was discovered, however, that only the vtc1-1 mutant has strongly retarded root growth, while the other vtc mutants exhibit a wild-type root phenotype. It is demonstrated that the short-root phenotype in vtc1-1 is independent of AA deficiency and oxidative stress. Instead, vtc1-1 is conditionally hypersensitive to ammonium (NH(4+)). To provide new insights into the mechanism of NH(4+) sensitivity in vtc1-1, BI-D1870 ic50 root development, NH(4+) content, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, glutamate dehydrogenase activity, and glutamine content were assessed in wild-type and vtc1-1 mutant plants grown in the presence and absence of high NH(4+) and the GS inhibitor MSO. Since VTC1 encodes a GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, an enzyme generating GDP-mannose for AA biosynthesis and protein N-glycosylation, it was also tested whether protein N-glycosylation is affected

in vtc1-1. Furthermore, since root development requires the action of a variety of hormones, it was investigated whether hormone homeostasis is linked to selleckchem NH(4+) sensitivity in vtc1-1. Our data suggest that NH(4+) hypersensitivity in vtc1-1

is caused by disturbed N-glycosylation and that it is associated with auxin and ethylene homeostasis and/or nitric oxide signalling.”
“Using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing technology, we examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine MyoG gene with body measurement traits in 779 individuals of six native Chinese cattle breeds, namely Luxi, Luxi x Simmental crossbred, Nanyang, Xia’nan, Jiaxian red, and Qinchuan. A novel SNP, T314C, was detected. Allelic frequencies of MyoG-T/C in the six breeds were 0.8308/0.1692, 0.8774/0.1226, 0.8021/0.1979, 0.8209/0.1791, 0.8630/0.1370, 0.8044/0.1956, respectively. Least squares analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) association of the MyoG SNP with rump length in four breeds (Luxi, Xia’nan, Jiaxian red, and Qinchuan), with hucklebone width in three breeds (Luxi x Simmental crossbred, Nanyang and Xia’nan), with waist height in two breeds (Luxi x Simmental crossbred and Nanyang) and with body length in the Luxi breed. We conclude that the MyoG SNP has potential as a genetic marker for economically relevant body measurement traits in native Chinese cattle breeds.”
“Artificial superlattices (SLs) consisting of ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BT) and paraelectric BaZrO3 (BZ) have been growth by a pulsed laser deposition technique.