In developing

countries, endemic disease and transmission from children to adults tend to be the most common epidemiologic forms of group Depsipeptide order A rotavirus infections. Limited information on the true prevalence of endemic rotavirus infection in older age groups in Asia could be due to a lack of testing. It is also possible that the spectrum of rotaviruses causing disease may be different in adults and children but few studies have genotyped viruses obtained from adults. The Indian Rotavirus Strain Surveillance Network was set up in 2005 to gather region-specific information on rotavirus epidemiology including prevalent genotypes in children [8] and [9]. The high diversity of circulating rotavirus strains in the Indian subcontinent highlights the need for surveillance in different regions, and possibly across age spectra [10]. This pilot study examined the prevalence of rotavirus in older children and Ibrutinib adults in a tertiary care center in southern India. The study was conducted between November 2012 and April 2013. Stool samples of patients more than 12 years of age with diarrhea sent to the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore for routine bacterial culture were included in the study. These samples were from both inpatients and outpatients. The samples were screened for rotavirus using a commercial enzyme immunoassay Premier™ Rotaclone® (Meridian Bioscience, Inc., Cincinnati,

OH). The assay was performed as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples with an OD value of ≥0.150 were reported as positive as recommended by the manufacturer. An internal control was included in all runs, and the run was repeated if the internal control did not fall in the expected range. After initial testing, the samples were sent for genotyping to the reference laboratory where samples that failed

to genotype were re-tested by both Rotaclone and another antigen detection sandwich in-house ELISA based on capture by a polyclonal serum [11], the performance of which has been validated by the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. Genotype characterization was these performed on the stool samples which tested positive for rotavirus by the antigen detection ELISA. RNA was extracted using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. Complementary DNA was synthesized using random primers (Pd(N)6 hexamers; Pharmacia Biotech) and 400 units of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen Life Technologies) and was used as template for VP7 and VP4 (G and P) typing in PCRs using published oligonucleotide primers and protocols. PCRs to detect VP7 genotypes G1, G2, G3, G4, G8, G9, G10, and G12 and VP4 genotypes P[4], P[6], P[8], P[9], P[10], and P[11] were performed [8]. Samples which failed to type the first time were retested by Rotaclone and the in-house antigen assay [11] and further confirmed to be rotavirus positive by PCR to detect the VP6 gene [12].