In this paper, we discuss the corner effects based on spatially resolved mobility analysis. Taking into account the subband composition for local electrons, we could study the cross-sectional spatially resolved carrier transport. A strongly confined Si NW MOSFET showed that mobility

hardly fluctuated in the cross-sectional distribution with strong volume inversion. On the other hand, a less-confined Si NW MOSFET showed that the corner mobility was lower than the side mobility; therefore, our result could imply that the corner effects were not positive for improvement in mobility. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3592252]“
“In this study, we determined the association of 1180 non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hypertensive status. A total of 8842 subjects were taken from two community-based cohorts-Ansung (n=4183) selleck chemicals llc and Ansan (n=4659), South Korea-which had been established for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Galardin Five SNPs (rs16835244, rs2286672, rs6265, rs17237198 and rs7312017) were significantly associated (P-values:

0.003-0.0001, not corrected for genome-wide significance) with SBP in both cohorts. Of these SNPs, rs16835244 and rs2286672 correlated with risk for hypertension. The rs16835244 SNP replaces Ala288 in arginine decarboxylase (ADC) with serine, and rs2286672 replaces Arg172 in phospholipase D2 (PLD2) with cysteine. A comparison of peptide sequences between vertebrate homologues revealed

that the SNPs identified occur at conserved selleck chemicals amino-acid residues. In silico analysis of the protein structure showed that the substitution of a polar residue, serine, for a non-polar alanine at amino-acid residue 288 affects a conformational change in ADC, and that Arg172 in PLD2 resides in the PX domain, which is important for membrane trafficking. These results provide insights into the function of these non-synonymous SNPs in the development of hypertension. The study investigating non-synonymous SNPs from GWAS not only by statistical association analysis but also by biological relevance through the protein structure might be a good approach for identifying genetic risk factors for hypertension, in addition to discovering causative variations. Journal of Human Hypertension (2010) 24, 763-774; doi:10.1038/jhh.2010.9; published online 11 February 2010″
“We examined a possible relationship between genes responsible for energy metabolism of the brain and addictive behavior in an animal model. We used non-inbred, Swiss mice exposed to a three-bottle free-choice model [water, 5% (v/v) ethanol, and 10% (v/v) ethanol] over a 16-week period, consisting of four phases: acquisition, withdrawal, reexposure, and quinine-adulteration.