Interventions to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antipsychotic medications to people with dementia resident in Bafilomycin A1 ic50 care homes may be effective in the short term, but longer-term, more robust studies are needed. For prescribing levels to be reduced in the long term, the culture and nature of care settings and the availability and feasibility of nondrug alternatives needs to be addressed. The authors thank Barbara Wider for invaluable assistance with translation and Alison Bethel for help with reference management. “
“Chemical pollutants, coastal zone destruction, habitat

loss, nutrient discharges, hypoxic zones, algal blooms and catastrophic overfishing have all heavily impacted life in our oceans (Bowen and Depledge, 2006). Major efforts are being made worldwide to manage and minimise these threats. However, one particular pollutant, light, is still permitted to flood into our seas almost unchecked. It is alarming that as the intentional and unintentional illumination of the coastal Dasatinib solubility dmso zone and nearshore environment increases unabated, we still have little idea of the extent to which intertidal and sublittoral ecosystems are being affected. There is also growing concern regarding

the introduction of light into the deep sea (Widder et al., 2005). Almost all living organisms are sensitive to changes in the quality and intensity of natural light in the environment (Longcore and Rich, 2004). This is such a widely distributed characteristic Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase that it seems likely to have arisen very early in

evolutionary history, possibly on several occasions. It might even suggest that the evolution of life in the oceans proceeded largely in the photic zone. Obviously, for algae and seaweeds, photosynthetic activity is critically dependent on available light, while in marine animals, tidal, daily, monthly and seasonal cycles in natural light intensity and quality are reflected in rhythmical fluctuations in behaviour and physiology that are appropriately tuned to the prevailing ecological circumstances (Depledge, 1984). Humans use the influence of light on several kinds of organisms to great advantage. For example, for centuries fishermen have deployed lanterns to attract fish to their nets, while modern day natural resource managers set out lights to attract larval fish to coral reefs to boost fish stocks and enhance biodiversity (Munday et al., 1998). There are numerous vivid accounts in the literature of people using their knowledge of light-entrained rhythms to reap rewards. South Pacific islanders for example, exploit moon phase spawning of polychaete worms to ensure bountiful harvests of eggs and sperm that are considered a culinary delicacy (Thorson, 1971). Light pollution of the sea has only become a really significant issue over the last ca. 50–80 years. It has been defined as the “degradation of the photic habitat by artificial light” (Verheijhen, 1985).