“
“Intracellular calcium dynamics is critical for many functions of cerebellar granule cells (GrCs) including membrane excitability, synaptic plasticity, apoptosis, and regulation of gene transcription. Recent measurements of calcium
responses in GrCs to depolarization and synaptic stimulation reveal spatial compartmentalization and heterogeneity within dendrites of these cells. However, the main determinants of local calcium dynamics in GrCs are still poorly understood. One reason is that there have been few published studies of calcium dynamics in intact GrCs in their native environment. In the absence of complete information, biophysically realistic models are useful for testing whether specific Ca2+ handling mechanisms may account for existing experimental observations. Simulation results can be used to identify critical measurements that would discriminate 3-deazaneplanocin A between different models. In this review, we briefly describe experimental studies and phenomenological models of Ca2+ signaling in GrC, and then discuss a particular biophysical model, with a special emphasis on an approach for obtaining information regarding selleck screening library the distribution of Ca2+ handling systems under conditions of incomplete experimental data. Use of this approach suggests that Ca2+ channels and fixed endogenous Ca2+ buffers are highly heterogeneously distributed in GrCs. Research avenues for investigating calcium dynamics
in GrCs by a combination of experimental and modeling studies are proposed.”
“The intensive studies carried out in many scientific laboratories and the efforts of numerous pharmaceutical companies have led to the development of drugs which are able to effectively inhibit HIV proliferation. At present, a number of antiretroviral agents with different mechanisms of
action are available. Unfortunately, long-term use of antiretroviral drugs, however, does not remain indifferent to the patient and can cause significant side effects.
In the present work, the antiretroviral drugs with a nephrotoxicity potential most commonly PFTα research buy used in clinical practice are described. In the review attention has also been focused on the nephropathy resulting from the HIV infection alone and the influence of genetic factors on the occurrence of pathological changes in the kidney.”
“OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of physician assessment with a new multivariate index assay in identifying high-risk ovarian tumors.
METHODS: The multivariate index assay was evaluated in women scheduled for surgery for an ovarian tumor in a prospective, multi-institutional trial involving 27 primary-care and specialty sites throughout the United States. Preoperative serum was collected, and results for the multivariate index assay, physician assessment, and CA 125 were correlated with surgical pathology. Physician assessment was documented by each physician before surgery.