Investigations into the effects of carbon ion irradiation are of particular interest in light of the fact that this type of radiation is being used increasingly for cancer therapy. In the present investigation we compared the effects of 250 kV X-rays with those of 9.8 MeV/u carbon ions on RAW 264.7 macrophages over a wide range of radiation doses. Macrophage functions including vitality, phagocytic activity, production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF alpha and production of nitric oxide (NO) were measured. In comparison to lymphocytes and fibroblasts, macrophages showed only a small decrease in vitality after irradiation with either X-rays or

carbon ions. Proinflammatory cytokines

and NO were induced in macrophages by LPS but not by irradiation alone. X-rays LY3023414 research buy or carbon ions had little modulating effect on LPS-induced TNF alpha production. However, LPS-induced NO increased in a dose dependent manner up to 6-fold after carbon ion irradiation, while X-ray irradiation did not have this effect. Carbon ion irradiation mediated a concomitant decrease in IL-1 beta production. Carbon ions also had a greater effect than X-rays in enhancing the phagocytic activity of macrophages. These results underscore the greater potential of carbon ion irradiation with regard to radiobiological effectiveness.”
“A selleck chemicals major problem in most natural rubber latex (NRL) commonly encountered like other polymer is susceptibility to mechanical properties and thermal degradation; particularly in thin film due to the presence of double bonds in the main chain. Therefore, it is desirable to seek for ways of improving these properties. Silica aerogel is a material with extraordinary

properties was believed to have potential enhance properties in NRL films because of its high specific surface area. Therefore, based on the unique character of silica aerogel, NRL-silica aerogel film was developed by latex compounding and dry coagulant dipping to form thin film where silica aerogel acts as filler. Silica aerogel, synthesized from rice husk was dispersed in a ball-mill using distilled water for NRL compounding. Results indicate Liproxstatin-1 cell line that increasing silica aerogel loading enhances the mechanical properties of the NRL-silica aerogel film. Effects of postvulcanization processes were also investigated, whereby the best reinforcing effect was obtained at 4 phr silica aerogel loading with leaching postvulcanization condition. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“In an attempt to understand the molecular characterization for the early adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, an analysis of gene expression profiles obtained from early adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix was performed to find those genes most aberrantly expressed.