Mira et al. [48] reported the association of TNF2 (rs1800629 SNP with A-allele) with Septic Shock Susceptibility and Mortality. This polymorphism has been correlated with enhanced spontaneous and

stimulated TNF-alpha production both in vitro and in vivo and has been associated with morbidity and mortality of severe forms of cerebral malaria [49], fulminans purpura [9], and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis RGFP966 (MCL) [10]. Variation in TNF2 allele frequencies between the controls and patients with septic shock was reported. The patients with septic shock had significantly greater TNF2 allele frequency in comparison with those who had died. NcoI polymorphism.  NcoI is a restriction enzyme used in the typing of polymorphism. The presence of A-allele eliminates the restriction site for the enzyme NcoI, while G-allele creates restriction site for NcoI restriction enzyme. Mediterranean spotted fever.  Cytokines plays important role in the protective immune

response against Rickettsia conorii. A significantly elevated levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 in serum was observed in patients with acute-phase Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) compared with the levels found during the convalescent phase of the disease or in healthy controls. Forte et al. [50] carried out genotyping of the TNF-alpha (rs1800629), interleukin-10 (rs1800896, rs1800871 and rs1800872) and IFN-gamma (rs2430561) in a group of Sicilian patients affected by MSF. No significant differences in TNF-α rs1800629 G/A genotype frequencies were observed. The rs2430561 TT genotype was associated with an increased production of IFN-gamma. This study suggested that IL-10 selleck chemicals and IFN-γ gene interaction might next be involved in susceptibility to MSF. Clearance of hepatitis B virus infection.  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem, and more than 350 million

peoples are infected with HBV worldwide. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in host immune response to HBV. Kim et al. [51] carried out a case–control study of hepatitis B-infected patients and controls and genotyped seven TNF-α polymorphism in Korean. The results of the study showed that the presence of the rs1800629 A-allele or the absence of the rs1800630 A-variant was strongly associated with the resolution of HBV infection. The two TNF-α haplotypes were significantly associated with HBV clearance, showing protective antibody production and persistent HBV infection. Thus, those variations that affect the level of gene product might influence the outcome of disease. SNP rs1800629 A is common in Iranian population, but has no association with development of chronic HBV infection [52]. SARS-CoV infection.  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) disease is caused by a novel coronavirus-SARS-CoV. Host genetic factors may play a role in the occurrence and progress of SARS-Cov infection.