Rabbit polyclonal antisera specific for mouse CXCR3 and CXCL10 were provided by Dr. Thomas Lane, the generation of which has previously been described [44]. These reagents have been shown to be specific for mCXCR3 and mCXCL10 and do not cross-react with a panel of other human and murine recombinant cytokines [27, 29, 44]. They have been shown to block CD4+ T-cell infiltration in vivo [27, Neratinib purchase 29, 44]. Experimental groups of mice were injected i.p. with 0.5 mL anti-mCXCR3 or anti-mCXCL10 every third day from d 0 to d 15 post-T-cell transfer. NRS from the same preinoculated

rabbits was used as a control. Antigen-specific cytokine production was determined in spleen and dLN cells and mononuclear cells isolated Vemurafenib purchase by Percoll density centrifugation from the pooled SCs of mice perfused with PBS, following culture for 24 h in 96-well filtration plates (Millipore), with or without 50 μg/mL MOG35–55. Antibodies from eBioscience were anti-IL-17 (TC11–18H10), biotinylated anti-IL-17 (TC11–8H4), IFN-γ (AN18), and biotinylated anti-IFN-γ (R4–6A2). Streptavidin–alkaline phosphatase (Southern Biotech) and an alkaline phosphatase substrate kit (Vector Laboratories) were used to identify trapped cytokine. Spots were counted using the CTL ImmunoSpot Analyzer (Cellular Technology) with ImmunoSpot software, and the number of spots in the medium

only wells subtracted. RNA was harvested from whole SC using the Trizol (Invitrogen)/chloroform method followed by RT into cDNA using the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems). Primers and probes were designed using Beacon Designer

and synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies. Samples were analyzed on an iCycler PCR machine (Bio-Rad Laboratories). Data were normalized to the endogenous control β-actin and expressed as fold increase over SCs from naïve mice. Splenocytes, mononuclear cells isolated by Percoll http://www.selleck.co.jp/products/Gefitinib.html density centrifugation from the pooled SCs of mice perfused with PBS, or polarized dLN cells following culture were activated (2 × 106 cells/mL) with PMA (50 ng/mL; Sigma) and ionomycin (2 μg/mL; Sigma), in the presence of brefeldin A (5 μg/mL), for 6 h at 37°C. Cells were washed and blocked with Fc block (clone 2.4G2; 50 μg/mL) before extracellular staining with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies for CD3, CD4, CD45.1, and CD45.2 (eBioscience). Cells were then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with saponin (Sigma), and stained intracellularly with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies for IL-17 or IFN-γ (eBioscience). Flow cytometric analysis was performed using a FACSCanto II flow cytometer (Becton–Dickinson) and analyzed with FloJo software (Tree Star, Inc.), with gating set on isotype controls.