The analysis of 3D-distribution of TS in interphase nuclei demonstrated that some TS foci formed clearly distinguished associations (2-3 foci in a cluster) in the nuclei of cells subjected to FISH or transfected with the plasmid expressing
telomeric protein TRF1 fused with GFP. In G0 and G1/early S-phase, the average total number of GFP-TRF1 foci per nucleus was less than that of PNA FISH foci in the corresponding cell cycle phases suggesting that TRF1 overexpression might contribute to the fusion of neighboring telomeres. The mean total number of GFP-TRF1 and FISH foci per nucleus was increased during the selleck kinase inhibitor transition from G0 to G1/early S-phase that might be the consequence of duplication of some TS.
Conclusions: The relative lengths of TS in Syrian hamster cells were found to be moderately variable. All but one metacentric chromosomes contain ITS in pericentromeric heterochromatin indicating that significant rearrangements of ancestral genome occurred in evolution. Visualization of GFP-TRF1 fibrils that formed bridges
between distinct telomeric foci allowed suggesting that telomere associations observed in interphase cells are reversible. The data obtained in the study provide the further insight in the structure and dynamics GSK1838705A nmr of telomeric sequences in somatic mammalian cells.”
“A wide variety of nanostructure shapes have been observed for GaN under different growth conditions. These shapes include but are not limited to hexagonal pyramid, prismatic, triangular
cross-section nanowires, and arrow-headed shapes. Using Wulff’s plot and kinetic Wulff’s plot for GaN under thermodynamic equilibrium and under various kinetic conditions, we present a model to theoretically predict and explain these faceted nanostructure shapes. Legendre transformation on Wulff’s plot and kinetic Wulff’s plot has been extensively utilized to obtain the faceted equilibrium shapes in equilibrium. In addition, equilibrium and nonequilibrium faceted geometry of nanostructures have also been predicted by numerical simulations using level set methods and this website the proposed kinetic Wulff’s plot. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3253575]“
“The aim of this study was to examine the synthesis of a graft copolymer of chitosan and methacrylic acid (MAA) by free-radical polymerization with a potassium peroxymonosulfate/cyclohexanone (CY) redox system in an inert atmosphere. The optimum reaction conditions affording maximum grafting ratio (%G), grafting efficiency (%E), add on (%A), and conversion (%C) were determined. The grafting parameters were found to increase with increasing concentration of MAA up to 24 x 10(-2) mol/dm(3), but there-after, these parameters decreased. With increasing concentration of peroxymonosulfate from 0.6 x 10(-2) to 1.2 x 10(-2) mol/dm(3), %G, %A, and %E increased continuously. All of these grafting parameters increased with increasing concentration of CY up to 1.