The analysis was conducted on 54 of 111 miRNAs for which information on target mRNA was available in mirBase. Strikingly, we found that the majority of ALF-specific miRNAs (74%) target B-lineage-associated genes, including: i) several Ig genes; ii) TNFRSF17/BCMA

and FCRL5, which Cilomilast clinical trial promote B-cell maturation and proliferation, respectively; iii) POU2AF1 and PRDM1, two master regulators of germinal center formation and terminal B-cell differentiation. Moreover, we found that most B-cell genes are simultaneously targeted by several miRNAs, including miR-150, 155, 146a, 182 and 181b, which are known to regulate germinal centers, B-cell differentiation and activation. Several miRNAs expressed in ALF are upregulated in B-cell lymphomas. In contrast, only a very small number of miRNA were identified that target T-cell genes, in agreement with the limited T-cell signature detected in ALF and with the absence of IFN-γ and its inducible chemokines

both amongst liver mRNAs and serum proteins. Conclusions: This is the first genome-wide integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression in HBV ALF. Our results reveal GW-572016 in vivo a dominant B-cell-driven disease signature consistent with a major role of B-cell immunity in the pathogenesis of ALF. Disclosures: The following people have nothing to disclose: Patrizia Farci, Fausto Zamboni, Ashley B. Tice, Zhaochun Chen, Ronald E. Engle, Giacomo Diaz Background/Aims: Multiple in vitro studies have been conducted characterizing the innate antiviral effects of IFNλ. However to date there are limited data regarding the impact of peginterferon Lambda-1a (Lambda),

which has shown anti-HBV activity both in vitro and in vivo, on host immune responses in vivo. In this study we aimed to longitudinally assess the effect of Lambda on innate and adaptive immunity when administered in combination selleck products with Entecavir (ETV) employing a sequential dosing approach in treatment-naive HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: NK-cell frequency, phenotype, expression of inhibitory/activating signatures and function by IFNγ production and cytotoxicity were measured by FACS. Expression of immunoinhibitory receptors on HBV-specific CD4+/CD8+ T-cells were measured by FACS. Ex-vivo frequency of HBV-specific CD4+/CD8+ T-cells producing IFNγ and IL-10 to genotype-specific HBcAg/HBsAg peptide pools were quantified by Elispot assays and intracellular cytokine staining. Levels of circulating T-regulatory cells were also assessed. Immunological analyses were performed at 9 time-points(TP) through the study period including Baseline, TW4, TW8, TW12 TW16,TW24,TW36 and 2 subsequent follow up visits (TW60, TW84). Virological and clinical parameters were also measured at each TP and correlated with immunological assessments. Results: In this study, a total of 13 subjects received combination Lambda plus ETV. The population was of mean age 31.2 years, 77% male and 92% Asian.