Therefore, the GPS may be considered insufficient for prognostication. There is INK 128 an increasing evidence that platelet count and NLR can be used for prognostication in patients with several types of cancer [11] and [12]. Recently, Ishizuka et al. [13] showed that COP-NLR is considered to be a useful predictor of postoperative survival in patients with colorectal cancer. They showed that COP-NLR is easy to measure routinely because of its low cost and convenience [13]. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine whether COP-NLR is useful for predicting long-term survival in patients with ESCC. In our study, we demonstrated

that COP-NLR (P = .003) was significantly associated with CSS. Moreover, our study showed a similar HR between COP-NLR and GPS. In addition, the AIC and BIC values were similar between COP-NLR and GPS, indicating that COP-NLR predicts survival in ESCC similar to GPS. The potential limitations of the present study include the use of a retrospective analysis and the Caspase inhibitor in vivo short duration of the mean follow-up duration. In addition, we excluded patients who had adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, which may have influenced our analysis. Furthermore, AIC and BIC values were not correct if follow-up differed between patients, and the results of the study should therefore be regarded with caution. Thus, larger prospective studies will need to be performed to confirm

these preliminary results. In summary, our study showed that both GPS and COP-NLR are associated with tumor progression and can be considered as independent markers in patients with ESCC. We conclude that COP-NLR predicts survival in ESCC similar to GPS. However, larger prospective studies will need to be performed to confirm these preliminary results. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. “
“Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, with a high potential to develop metastases. In the last few decades, the incidence of melanoma has increased cAMP substantially worldwide [1] and [2].

The annual growth rate of incidence is approximately 3% to 5%. Genetic, phenotypical, and environmental factors are involved in melanoma developing [3]. The manifestation and prognosis are significantly different between Asian and white populations. The subtype of superficial spreading melanoma is common in white patients, which is clearly associated with sunlight exposure [4]. Studies have confirmed that mutations of p16 located in the chromosome 9 or CDKN2A is the main genetic susceptibility of melanoma [5]. However, the most frequent subtypes of melanoma in Asian patients are acral lentiginous melanoma (AM) and mucosal melanoma (MM) [6] and [7]. The primary lesions were not always exposed to the ultraviolet, so the specific causative factor for increasing melanoma incidence in China was still unclear [6]. Lysosome-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta (LAPTM4B), is a new gene first cloned in hepatocellular carcinoma [8].