This undermines a reliance on evolutionary selection pressures in explaining why such states so often occur consciously in humans. I propose an alternative explanation, on which cognitive and desiderative

states come to be conscious as a result of other highly useful psychological developments, some involving language. But on this explanation the consciousness of these states itself adds no significant function to that of those other developments. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Viral therapy of cancer (viral oncolysis) is dependent on selective destruction of the tumor tissue compared with healthy tissues. Several factors, including receptor expression, extracellular components, E7080 nmr and intracellular mechanisms, may influence viral oncolysis. In the present work, we studied the potential oncolytic activity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), using

an organ culture system derived from colon carcinoma and healthy colon tissues of mouse and human origin. HSV-1 infected normal colons ex vivo at a very low efficiency, in contrast to high-efficiency infection of colon carcinoma tissue. In contrast, adenoviral and lentiviral vectors infected both tissues equally well. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the preferential affinity of HSV-1 for the carcinoma tissue, intracellular and extracellular factors were investigated. Two Idasanutlin extracellular components, collagen and mucin molecules, were found to restrict HSV-1 infectivity in the healthy colon. The mucin layer of the healthy colon binds to HSV-1 and thereby blocks viral interaction with the epithelial cells of the tissue. In contrast, colon carcinomas express small amounts of collagen and mucin molecules and are thus permissive to HSV-1 infection. In agreement with the ex vivo system, HSV-1 injected into a mouse colon carcinoma in vivo significantly this website reduced

the volume of the tumor. In conclusion, we describe a novel mechanism of viral selectivity for malignant tissues that is based on variance of the extracellular matrix between tumor and healthy tissues. These insights may facilitate new approaches to the application of HSV-1 as an oncolytic virus.”
“This paper reviews our experiments on the response properties of single neurons in inferior temporal (IT) cortex in the monkey that were carried out starting in 1965. It describes situational factors that led us to find neurons sensitive to images of faces and hands and summarizes the basic sensory properties of IT neurons. Subsequent developments on the cognitive properties of IT neurons and on imaging the responses of human temporal cortex to facial images are outlined. Finally, this paper summarizes recent results on fMRI imaging of the responses of temporal cortex to facial images. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To better understand the pathogenesis of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), it is important to elucidate the functional aspects of immediate-early (IE) genes at the initial phase of the infection.