To assess effects on fatigue, sleepiness and activity-level of modafinil or armodafinil as add-on therapy to antipsychotic drug treatment in patients with schizophrenia, we would suggest an 8-week RCT in patients with high scores on the FSS with a baseline activity measurement using a wrist worn accelerometer during the week preceding

and the last week of modafinil or armodafinil add-on treatment, and a baseline and 8-week measurement of FSS scores. To assess effects of modafinil or armodafinil on cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical we would suggest an 8-week RCT in patients with initially high SANS scores. With baseline and 8-week assessment of cognitive functioning using a large cognitive testing battery which includes the North American Adult Reading Test (NAART), the Degraded Stimulus Continuous Performance Test (DS-CPT), the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), the Faces and family Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical CHIR99021 solubility pictures subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale-III (WMS-III), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Trail-Making Test, the Letter-Number Sequencing subtest (WAIS-III), the Letter and Category Fluency (LCF) and the Grooved Pegboard model. Both in large study populations including subgroups of atypical and typical antipsychotic drug treated patients, we suggest using a study treatment regime of 200–300 mg

of modafinil, or 50–200mg of armodafinil, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical depending on tolerability in the individual patient. Acknowledgments We like to acknowledge the staff of our library department for their help. Footnotes This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The authors declare no conflicts of interest in preparing this article. Contributor Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Information Laura Christina Wittkampf, GGZ Drenthe, PO Box 30007, 9400 RA Assen, Netherlands. Vorinostat chemical structure Johannes Arends, Mental Health Services Drenthe, Assen, Netherlands. Leo Timmerman, Mental Health Services Drenthe, Assen, Netherlands. Marike Lancel, Mental Health Services Drenthe, Assen,

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Netherlands.

Objective: We previously found psychotic depression (PSDEP) to have positively correlating plasma norepinephrine (NE) and vasopressin (AVP) concentrations. Since central noradrenergic activity and plasma NE concentration Brefeldin_A are highly correlated, this suggests an increased noradrenergic activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. We hypothesize the increased release of NE in PSDEP to be an associated mechanism. Methods: To test this hypothesis we analyzed the relation between plasma NE and PSDEP in a comparison with non-psychotically depressed patients. Potentially confounding variables were, among others, melancholia and two better validated subcategories in the field of melancholia and endogenous depression, three global dimensions of psychopathology – Emotional Dysregulation, Retardation and Anxiety – smoking habit, and different types of psychotropic and particularly antidepressant treatment.