CrossRef 46. Gordon D, Chen R, Chung SH: Computational methods of studying the binding of toxins from venomous animals to biological ion channels: theory and application. Physiol Rev 2013, 93:767–802.CrossRef 47. De Leon A, Jalbout AF, Basiuk VA: Fullerene-amino acid interactions. A theoretical study. Chem Phys Lett
2008, 452:306–314.CrossRef 48. EMBL-EBI: MUSCLE—multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation. Copyright © EMBL-EBI 2013. [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/muscle/] 49. Zhang MM, Wilson MJ, Gajewiak J, Rivier JE, Captisol nmr Bulaj G, Olivera BM, Yoshikami D: Pharmacological fractionation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons by μ-conotoxins. British J Pharmacology 2013, 169:102–114.CrossRef 50. Faber
CG, Lauria G, Merkies ISJ, Cheng X, Han C, Ahn HS, Persson AK, Hoeijmakers JGJ, Gerrits MM, Pierro T, Lombardi R, Kapetis D, Dib-Hajj SD Waxman SG: Gain-of-function Na v 1.8 mutations in painful neuropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012, 109:19444–19449.CrossRef 51. Heister E, Brunner EW, Dieckmann GR, Jurewicz I, Dalton AB: Are carbon nanotubes a natural solution? Applications in biology and medicine. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013, 5:1870–1891.CrossRef 52. Safo P, Rosenbaum T, Shcherbatko A, Choi DY, Han E, Toledo-Aral JJ, Olivera BM, Brehm P, Mendel G: Distinction among neuronal subtypes of voltage-activated sodium channels by μ-conotoxin PIIIA. J Neurosci 2000, 20:76–80. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions TAH conceived the study, participated in its design, conducted the simulations, and H 89 drafted the manuscript. S-HC conceived the study, participated in its design and analysis, and helped draft the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Polymers play an indispensable and ubiquitous role in daily life. One approach
to produce high-performance or multifunctional polymer materials is to blend chemically different monomers, add advanced fillers, and synthesize specific molecular Rebamipide architectures. It is well known that varying molecular architecture through branching and networking strongly influences the mechanical, dielectric, and thermal properties of polymers. For example, cross-linked molecular architectures enhance the strength and modulus of polymers but generally reduce their fracture toughness [1–3]. However, it has been recently shown that polymer hydrogels that form ionically and covalently cross-linked networks and have fracture energies of 9,000 J/m2 can withstand stretches of over 20 [4]. Thus, tuning the molecular architecture can provide opportunities to selleck custom-tailor polymer material properties for specific applications. On the other hand, polymers at nanoscale dimension are a novel class of materials that offer diverse properties, which can be distinguished from their bulk counterparts.