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45. Frasch CE, Gotschlich EC: An outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis group B responsible for serotype specifiCity. J Exp Med 1974, 140:87–104.CrossRefPubMed Authors’ contributions KLT carried out the molecular genetic see more studies and analysis of purified protein, performed sequence alignments

and drafted the manuscript. OHA constructed pUD, designed the phase variation studies and performed the GeSTer analysis. KA contributed to pUD construction and performed the phase variation studies. HH purified recombinant proteins. SAF participated in the bioinformatic analyses. TD supervised the molecular studies and analysis of purified protein, and assisted in manuscript writing. TT conceived the study, participated in its design and coordination and drafted the manuscript. All AZD8931 Authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background The phylum Verrucomicrobia forms a distinct phylogenetically divergent phylum within the domain Bacteria, characterized by members widely distributed in soil and aquatic habitats. Cells of some species such as Verrucomicrobium

spinosum and Cepharanthine Prosthecobacter dejongeii possess cellular extensions termed prosthecae and cells of other strains occur in an ultramicrobacteria size range [1, 2]. Verrucomicrobia are significant for our understanding of both bacterial evolution and microbial ecology. At present, six monophyletic subdivisions (subphyla, classes) are recognized within the phylum Verrucomicrobia on the basis of 16S rRNA gene library studies [3, 4]. There are more than 500 different verrucomicrobia 16S rRNA gene sequences in publicly-accessible databases, but only a handful of these represent cultivated strains. The verrucomicrobia pose interesting evolutionary questions – members of at least one genus, Prosthecobacter, possess genes for a homolog of eukaryotic tubulin, unknown in other prokaryotes, along with the bacterial tubulin-like protein FtsZ. Verrucomicrobium spinosum possesses a FtsZ divergent from those in other phyla of the domain Bacteria [5–8]. In addition, some members of the verrucomicrobia have been recently found to oxidize methane and use methane as a sole source of carbon and energy, making them the only known aerobic methanotrophs outside the proteobacteria, and the only extreme acidophilic methanotrophs known [9–11]. They are thus significant for our understanding of the evolution of methanotrophy and C1 transfer biochemistry.