To have a representative set of the

liver contigs of B. microlepidotus, reads of each individual were mapped back to the assembled transcriptome using the alignment program TMAP (http://github.com/iontorrent/TMAP/tarball/tmap.0.3.7) (for more details see Supplementary methods) and contigs showing expression in the three individuals were chosen. In total 13,724 contigs (Supplementary information 1) with an average length of 836.8 bp were retained for the functional annotation ( Table 1; Fig. 1A). The raw sequence data is accessioned in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA accession SRP046041). The Blastx function was performed with a minimum E-value score of 1.0E− 06 and the gene ontology (GO) terms of molecular function, cellular component, and biological process were find more assigned to the 13,724 retained contigs using the Blast2GO software (Conesa et al., 2005). A total of 2803 sequences presented Blast results and 7938 (57.8%) sequences were successfully annotated (Fig. S1, Supplementary information 2). As expected, the species distribution of the Blast hits showed that most hits correspond to fish species (Fig. S2, Supplementary information 2). A total of 40,814 annotations (Supplementary information 3) for the 13,724 contigs were obtained; the biological processes class was the most highly represented (44.2%), followed

by molecular function (35%) and cellular component (20.8%) (Fig. 1B). These proportions were similar to these described for Oncorchynchus mykiss ( Fox et al.,

2014). For B. microlepidotus, the biological AZD5363 molecular weight processes involved mainly the diversity of gene expression, with PLEK2 predominance of cellular, metabolic and single-organism processes ( Fig. 2A), while the GO annotations for molecular functions were mostly represented by binding and catalytic activity ( Fig. 2B). The cellular component class was mainly composed of cell, organelle, membrane and macromolecular complex components ( Fig. 2C). See Supplementary methods for details regarding functional annotation. The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Supplementary methods We thank C Quezada-Romegialli, JP Oyanedel and P Muñoz-Rojas for support during field work and Dr. Arne Nolte for support during the analyses. The authors thank R Espejo and Omics-Solutions Chile for sequencing. DV thanks Basal Grant PFB 023, ICM P05-002 and Nucleo Milenio NC120030; CVR thanks Conicyt Doctoral Fellowship 21090188 and doctoral thesis fellowship 24121005. All analyses were conducted in Chile and complied with its existing laws (Resolución Exenta No. 3329 Subsecretaria de Pesca). “
“Brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) are small crustaceans found worldwide, mainly in hypersaline environments. This zooplanktonic organism has been extensively used in fish aquaculture as larval feed for over 85% of cultured species ( Kayim et al., 2010). Besides this role in aquaculture, Artemias spp.

Children were instructed

to press a button on the keyboard on the side corresponding to the animal which was bigger in real life ( Szűcs et al., 2009; Bryce et al., 2011). In the congruent condition the animal Pexidartinib mw which was larger in real life was presented in a larger picture than the animal which was smaller in real life. In the incongruent condition the animal which was larger in real life was presented in a smaller picture than the animal which was smaller in real life. 96 trials were presented. Numerical magnitude comparison Stroop task: Stimuli were pairs of white Arabic digits shown simultaneously on black background. There were four possible number pairs, with two different numerical distances. Children were instructed to decide which item of the pair was numerically larger than the other one and pressed a key where they detected the numerically larger stimulus. Numerical and physical size information could be neutral, congruent or incongruent Erastin chemical structure with each other in equal proportions (congruency factor). In the congruent condition the numerically larger digit was also physically larger than the other one. In the incongruent condition the numerically larger digit was physically smaller than the other one. In the neutral condition both digits were of the same physical size. Numerical distance between stimuli was either 1 or 7 (numerical distance

factor). 192 trials were presented. Physical size comparison Stroop task: This task was identical to the numerical magnitude Stroop task, with the exception that the task was to respond to the physically larger stimulus. In neutral trials the digits differed in physical size but were numerically identical. 192 trials were presented. Subitizing: Carbohydrate Arrays containing one to six black dots appeared on a white background and children were instructed to say the number of dots as quickly as possible. Dot stimuli were presented in canonical and, where possible, non-canonical arrangements. RTs were measured using a voice-key.

60 trials were presented. Symbolic magnitude comparison: Children decided whether visually presented digits were smaller or larger than 5. Children pressed a button on the keyboard with their left hand if the number was smaller than 5 and another button with their right hand if the number was larger than 5. 80 trials were presented. Non-symbolic magnitude comparison: Two sets of black dots were presented simultaneously on a white background. The children’s task was to decide which set contained more dots and press the button on the side of the larger set. Dot size was varied between sets. The following factors were manipulated in the construction of the stimuli sets: (1) The ratio of the number of dots in the two sets (1:2, 3:5, 2:3); (2) The numerical distance between the number of dots in the two sets; (3) The type of the physical control variable; (4) The congruity of physical control variables and numerosity; (5) The overall numerical sum of items in a display.

SKOV3ip1 cells expressing WT1 − 17AA/− KTS rapidly produced tumors (3/3), and mice injected with the cells were usually dead within 40 days, while mice injected with SKOV3ip1 cells expressing control vector (3/3), WT1 + 17AA/− KTS (3/3), WT1 − 17AA/+ KTS (3/3), or WT1 + 17AA/+ KTS (3/3) developed only small tumors, even after 40 days. Based on these preliminary data, we euthanized mice injected with WT1 − 17AA/− KTS-expressing cells on day 36 and mice injected with cells expressing control vector or the other variants on day 40. The appearances of the mice are shown in this website Figure 1B. Mice injected with cells expressing − 17AA/− KTS showed a significant increase

in body weight gain compared to mice injected http://www.selleckchem.com/products/EX-527.html with cells expressing control vector, + 17AA/− KTS, or − 17AA/+ KTS ( Figure 1C). However, there were no significant differences in abdominal circumference gains among the five groups of mice ( Figure 1D). Interestingly, overexpression of the − 17AA/− KTS splice variant resulted in a significant increase in the volume of ascites, compared with that in mice infected with cells expressing the control vector or other WT1 variants ( Figure 1E). The extent of intra-abdominal dissemination is visually shown in Figure 2A. Massive intra-abdominal dissemination was detected in mice injected with cells expressing the WT1 − 17AA/− KTS

variant. Mice injected with cells expressing the control vector, WT1 + 17AA/− KTS, WT1 − 17AA/+ KTS, or WT1 + 17AA/+ KTS showed

a little intra-abdominal dissemination. Histological analysis of intra-abdominal lesions developed in mice injected with cells expressing the control vector or each variant confirmed the findings of serous Fenbendazole adenocarcinoma ( Figure 2B), which was consistent with SKOV3ip1 cells, as described previously [30]. There was no difference in histological findings in cells expressing each of the four WT1 variants ( Figure 2B). Tumors that had disseminated within the abdomen were measured by resected tumor weight ( Figure 2C). Overexpression of − 17AA/− KTS resulted in a significant increase in the disseminated tumor weight, as compared with that in tumors expressing the control vector or + 17AA/+ KTS variant. There were no significant differences in disseminated tumor weights in mice injected with cells expressing the control vector or other variants. Immunoblot analysis showed that WT1 was abundantly expressed in tumors obtained from mice inoculated with cells expressing the four variants (Figure 3A). Absence of WT1 expression was confirmed in tumors from mice inoculated with cells expressing the control vector. Additionally, PCR analysis of RNA extracted from the tumors confirmed the expression of each WT1 variant, including the specific 17AA/KTS insertion/deletion, and the absence of WT1 from the control ( Figure 3B).

miRNAs target complementary sequences in the 3′ untranslated region of specific mRNAs. As a result, target gene expression is repressed due either to translational inhibition and/or to mRNA degradation (reviewed

in Cannell et al., 2008, Fabian et al., 2010 and Jackson and Standart, 2007). Therefore, a small change in miRNA expression can have a profound effect on outcome making them an appealing area of research for the discovery of new mechanisms of action. The lack of hepatic miRNA response to BaP exposure as reported in Yauk et al. (2010) may be explained by: (1) few or no hepatic miRNAs under the transcriptional control of AHR or immediately responsive to DNA damage or (2) a high level of liver miRNA stability and lack of susceptibility to perturbation by BaP. Moreover, BaP exposure in rodents does not lead to liver cancer, but does cause cancer

in other tissues. Thus, we proposed that future experiments Etoposide concentration should investigate early miRNA response in a tissue that is susceptible to cancer development following BaP exposure. In the present work we investigate global pulmonary gene and miRNA expression from the same mice (Yauk et al., 2010) exposed by oral gavage for three days to BaP that exhibited no hepatic miRNA response (Yauk et al., 2010). The first goal of this work is to clarify the mechanisms of action that operate in lungs following BaP exposure via oral selleck screening library gavage. Lung transcriptomic profiles were compared to liver profiles to identify unique pulmonary responses that may contribute to tissue-specific carcinogenicity. Second, we test the hypothesis that liver miRNAs are less sensitive to perturbations than lungs following treatment ID-8 with BaP by oral gavage. The experimental samples used in the present work were generated as part of an earlier study described in detail in Yauk et al. (2010). Hepatic mRNA and miRNA profiles were analysed in that study. However, new DNA microarrays

were run in the present study because a higher exposure dose was included here. Age matched adult male B6C3F1 mice (27–30 d, Charles Rivers Laboratories, St Constant, Quebec, Canada) were housed individually under a 12:12 h light:dark cycle with food and water available ad libitum. Mice were randomly assigned (6/group) to a control or treatment group. Mice were treated with a daily dose of BaP in corn oil with 150 or 300 mg/kg (oral gavage, 10 ml/kg) for three consecutive days. Control mice received corn oil only. Mice were anaesthetized under isofluorane and sacrificed by exsanguination at 4 h after the last treatment. Right and left lung lobes were removed and immediately snap frozen and stored at −80 °C until use. Blood serum was collected as described below. Animals have been treated humanely with due consideration to the alleviation of distress and discomfort. All animal procedures (Approval ID: 2007-005) were in accordance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council for Animal Care and approved by the Health Canada Animal Care Committee.

The Communication Planning Matrix and Strategies (CPM-CS) is an expanded form of the CPM which includes the time-frame, implementers of interventions, and monetary and non-monetary costs of

each option in conflict resolution. These details are necessary for the prioritization and selection of interventions to achieve objectives within a realistic time and budget schedule. In this step, actionable communication interventions were evaluated and pre-implementation activities were organized. Costs and logistical arrangements were considered and a variety of activities were implemented accordingly. These included meetings, workshops, dialogues, exchange visits, training on consensus learn more building, distribution of leaflets and posters, and field rallies. This step measured changes in the livelihood outcomes of community members resulting from communication interventions. However, changes in livelihoods and socio-economic status are a long-term result of consensus building click here efforts. Due to the short time span of the project, this evaluation was conducted by comparing responses to an attitude statements survey carried out at the

beginning and end of the survey. The attitude survey used structured attitude statements designed to obtain qualified and quantified perceptions of the conditions, norms, morals, values and priorities of fishers and conflict managers in relation to fisheries conflicts. This action research work was jointly implemented by WorldFish Bangladesh and FAO’s Empowerment

of Coastal Fishing Communities for Livelihood Security (ECFC) project, in Cox’s Bazar district. The ECFC project was undertaken by the Government’s Department of Fisheries (DOF) with technical and financial support of FAO/UNDP for a period of six years from December 2000. The overall goal of ECFC was to initiate a process of change that enhanced targeted coastal communities’ capacity by increasing their stock of livelihoods assets and reducing vulnerability to insecurity. ECFC tuclazepam formed four tiers of institutions at different administrative levels within the district. Separate Village Organizations (VO) were formed for men and women at village level, aimed at the social mobilization and empowerment of fishing communities. Village Development Committees (VDC) were established to facilitate coordination of activities undertaken by men’s and women’s VOs. The project also formed sub-district level fishers’ networks (Upazilla Fishers Federations – UFF), and district level networks (District Fishers Federations – DFF). These local institutions were formed to organize poor and marginal fishers and empower them to analyze their own situation, and develop and implement action plans to improve their individual and collective welfare.

In the crystalline silica-exposed group, the total BALF cell numbers, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and the percentage of neutrophils were significantly increased until 6-month post-exposure. For the MWCNT-exposed groups, LDH and TP levels in the BALF were significantly increased only in the group exposed to 1 mg/kg MWCNTs; however, the changes were transient and recovered GSK2118436 manufacturer after 1-week post-exposure (Fig. 5). BALF cytokine levels were not significantly changed at any

time point (data not shown). In contrast, LDH and TP levels in the BALF were significantly increased until 6-month post-exposure in the crystalline silica-exposed group (Fig. 5), and significant changes in IL-1β and IL-2 levels were observed in this group (data not shown). For all the groups, histopathological changes due to the instillation exposure of MWCNTs or crystalline silica were observed only in the lungs and lung-associated lymph nodes, and

not in the other tissues (i.e., the liver, kidney, spleen, and cerebrum). Table 1 summarizes the histopathological findings of the rats examined in this study and their severity scores at each time point. In the MWCNT-exposed groups, dose-dependent histopathological changes were observed. In the group exposed to 0.04 mg/kg MWCNTs, Selleckchem MDV3100 no significant changes were observed at any time points (Fig. 6 and Fig. 7Figs. 6a and 7a). In the group exposed to 0.2 mg/kg MWCNTs, minimal macrophage accumulation and phagocytosed MWCNTs were observed in the alveoli (Fig. 6 and Fig. 7). In the group exposed to 1 mg/kg MWCNTs, deposition of the MWCNTs and macrophage accumulation, part of which were granulomatous, was next observed in the alveoli and interstitium from 3-day to 1-month post-exposure (Fig. 6c and d). Most MWCNTs were phagocytosed

by alveolar macrophages. Further, hypertrophy of the bronchial epithelium and inflammatory cell infiltrations were observed. From 3- to 6-month post-exposure, histopathological findings were qualitatively similar to those at 1-month post-exposure; although the severity of the changes was gradually weaker. At 6-month post-exposure, deposition of the MWCNTs and macrophage accumulation, part of which were granulomatous, was observed in the alveoli and interstitium in the group exposed to 1 mg/kg MWCNTs; however, the severity of these changes was minimal (Fig. 7c). In the group exposed to 1 mg/kg MWCNTs, minimal MWCNT depositions were observed in the peribronchial lymph nodes at 6-month post-exposure (Fig. 7d). In the crystalline silica-exposed group, only minimal macrophage accumulation in the alveoli and interstitium was observed up to 1-week post-exposure. However, the severity of macrophage accumulation was increased after 1-month post-exposure, and, cytolysis of macrophages was observed, which was most severe at 6-month post-exposure.

Lawrence County, NY has documented distinct changes in pH, buffering capacity, elemental concentrations and LY2109761 solubility dmso ratios, and total dissolved solids along their length during long-term average summer discharge volumes (Chiarenzelli et al., 2012). Water from each of the four major rivers (from west to east – Oswegatchie, Grasse, Raquette, and St. Regis) was sampled at points within the three geologic terranes (from south to north – Adirondack Highlands, Adirondack Lowlands, and St. Lawrence River Valley) during typical (non-event) summer flow conditions. During these sampling events distinct changes in water chemistry were noted

from south to north (i.e. downriver) including an increase in pH (e.g. from 4.67 to 7.49 in the Oswegatchie River watershed), decrease in Al (e.g. 373–25 ppb in the Raquette River watershed),

and increase in Ca (e.g. from 4.6 to 47.6 ppm in the Grasse River watershed). The study concluded that the downriver variation in water GSK J4 datasheet chemistry was related to acidification of the headwaters of these rivers, which are underlain by crystalline rocks with limited buffering capacity (Colquhoun et al., 1981), and subsequent buffering by carbonate lithologies downriver in the Adirondack Lowlands (marble and calc-silicate gneisses) and St. Lawrence River Valley (limestone and dolostone). In this follow up study, the control(s) on water chemistry along the length of the Raquette River was investigated during high and low flow events. Compared to previous work, downriver chemical changes were muted during both stormflow and baseflow conditions (Fig. 5); however, these differences provide additional insight into controls on the hydrogeochemistry of the Raquette River drainage basin. The average specific conductance (Table 2; Fig. 4) was greater during baseflow (41.66 μS cm−1) than stormflow (29.50).

Several elements, on the average, are more concentrated in Raquette River water during stormflow conditions (Table 2; Fig. 3) including Al (3.31x), Ce (4.85x), Fe (2.79x), La (4.44x), Mn (3.70), Nd (3.31x), and Y (3.08). In contrast Ca, K, Mg, Na, Rb, and Sr were slightly more enriched (1.14-1.50x) during baseflow conditions. until The downriver concentration trends of elements and anions can be visually estimated from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, and were quantitatively evaluated by determining the correlation coefficients (r2) between water concentration and the distance of sampling sites downriver ( Table 2). During stormflow Ba (0.22), Ca (0.70), Fe (0.84), K (0.23), Mg (0.80), Mn (0.80), Rb (0.05), and Sr (0.34) have positive r2 values indicating a general, but variable, trends of increasing concentrations downriver. In contrast Al, Ce, La, Na, Nd, Y, and Zn have negative correlation coefficients ranging between −0.22 to −0.39, indicating a slight decrease in concentration downriver. Similar trends are shown during baseflow with the exception that Fe (−0.10) and Mn (−0.25) show slight decreases in concentration downriver rather than steep increases.

An average of 432.9 mm, or 78.6% of the total yearly precipitation, fell in the rainy season from May to September (Supplementary Table 1). It is noted that almost all the runoff generation storms occurred in the rainy season in this region (Zhu et al., 1997). Over the SSP, LSP, and SCP monitoring periods, Nivolumab cost the mean annual precipitation was 522 mm, 524 mm, and 565 mm; the mean rainfall amount in the rainy season was 405 mm, 413.4 mm and 449.5 mm, which accounted for 77.6%, 78.9% and 79.5% of total annual precipitation, respectively (Fig. 4). The following are the supplementary data to this article. In this study, if a storm generated flows on any of those monitoring plots, it was referred to

as a runoff generation event. Flows BIRB 796 may be present on some plots but absent on other plots in a small runoff generation rainfall event due to the difference in soil infiltration. There were 22, 25, and 59 runoff generation storm events in the SSP, LSP, and SCP monitoring periods. It is noted that the

LSP monitoring period was within the SCP monitoring period. Overall, all those runoff generation storm events ranged from 3.6 to 110 mm in event rainfall amount, 0.25–26.1 h in rainfall duration, and 1.03–62.4 mm/h in mean event intensity (Fig. 5). To determine the recurrence intervals of runoff generation storms, an empirical equation was used in this study (Eq. (1)). The equation was developed by Shanxi Bureau of Meteorology based on the long-term continuous data collected at the weather stations across the Shanxi Province. The coefficients (A, B, n) in the equation were calibrated using

the rainfall data in each region and they are varied from region to region. equation(1) logN=I×tnB24n−1Where N is recurrence interval (year); t is rainfall duration (h); I is mean rainfall intensity (mm/h); A, B and Morin Hydrate n are coefficients (A = 40, B = 65, and n = 0.7). The recurrence intervals of all the runoff generation storms over the study periods are shown in Fig. 5d. At slope angles of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°, the mean annual runoff per unit area was 42.9, 44.2, 45.4, 44.2, 44.3 and 47.2 mm on SSP, in comparison of 31.1, 24.3, 33.7, 28.8, 27.2, and 25.1 mm on LSP. Overall, the variation in runoff per unit area with slope angles was fairly limited on SSP (Fig. 6a). The highest mean annual runoff, occurring at 30°, was only 9.1% more than the lowest, occurring at 5°. On LSP, the highest mean annual runoff, occurring at 15°, was 27.8% more than the lowest, occurring at 10°. The relationship between runoff and slope angles was inconsistent between SSP and LSP. On SSP, the mean annual runoff per unit area generally showed a slight increase with slope angles. However, on LSP, the mean annual runoff reached a maximum at 15° and then decreased with slope angles. The inconsistent and complex relationship between runoff and slope angles might be ascribed to the effects of several factors on soil infiltrability.

Restraint was applied by placing the animal in 25 ×7 cm plastic bottle with a 1-cm hole at the far end for breathing (Ely et al., 1997 with modifications). The animal was unable to move. The control group was not subjected to restraint. These procedures were always performed between 08:00 h and 09:00 h. Restraint sessions continued

during the selleck kinase inhibitor behavioral test period and during tDCS sessions, which were carried out in the afternoon. The animals were divided into four groups (n=12–13): control (C), stress (S), stress+sham tDCS (SS) and stress+tDCS (SN). After 11 weeks of chronic stress exposure, behavioral tests were performed in the afternoon. Mechanical allodynia was assessed before, immediately and 24 h after the end of tDCS treatment using an automatic von Frey esthesiometer (Insight, São

Paulo, Brazil). This is an adaptation of the classical von Frey filaments test in which pressure intensity is recorded automatically after paw removal (Vivancos et al., 2004). It has been proposed that tactile hypersensitivity is likely to be the consequence of a change in function and a phenotypic switch in primary afferent neurons innervating the inflamed tissue and the pattern of excitation they produce in spinal neurons. This assumption was partially confirmed by the finding that a subpopulation of A beta primary afferent neurons came to express substance P after conditioning inflammation, thereby enhancing synaptic transmission in the spinal Epigenetics Compound Library ic50 cord and exaggerating the central response to innocuous stimuli (Ma and Woolf, 1996 and Neumann et al., 1996). Rats were placed in 12×20×17 cm polypropylene cages with wire grid floors and acclimatized for 15 min, 24 h prior to the test, as the novelty of the apparatus itself can induce antinociception

(Netto et al., 2004). For testing, a polypropylene tip was placed perpendicularly underneath the mesh floor and applied to one of the five distal footpads with a gradual increase in pressure. cAMP A tilted mirror below the grid provided a clear view of the animal’s hind paw. The test consisted of poking the hind paw to provoke a flexion reflex followed by a clear flinch response after paw withdrawal. The intensity of the stimulus was automatically recorded when the paw was withdrawn. Three successive von Frey readings were averaged, and these averages were used as the final measurements. The paw withdrawal threshold was expressed in grams (g) (Vivancos et al., 2004). The hot plate test was carried out to assess the effects of tDCS on the thermal nociceptive threshold (Woolfe and Macdonald, 1944). This test was assessed before, immediately and 24 h after the end of tDCS treatment. We used the hot-plate test to determine changes in latency as an indicator of modifications of the supraspinal pain process (Ossipov et al., 1995), as licking or jumping responses during this test are considered to be the result of supraspinal sensory integration (Caggiula et al., 1995 and Rubinstein et al.

36 and 0.39 mm for NMIA and SIA versus 0.86 and 2.56 mm determined with the Weibull PDF. These differences indicate that biases for the Weibull are 2.4–6.4 times higher AZD4547 research buy than the Gumbel and indicate the ability of both PDFs to fit the AMS. Finally, frequency analysis performance was sensitive to PDF and confirmed the advantages of the Weibull PDF in

Experiment 4, in comparison to the Gumbel and Logistic PDF. Biases were the distinguishing GOF as CC was all close to 1. Biases determined from the Weibull experiment were lower than both Gumbel and Logistic with values of 0.32 and 0.35 mm for NMIA and SIA stations versus 0.58 and 0.55 mm for the Logistic (Fig. 2 bottom row). Gumbel performed similar to Weibull but with higher biases. The experiments suggest that bias and correlation vary for the same configuration

from station to station, which makes distinguishing the optimal model challenging. Some configurations perform better than others (including the control) regardless of the metric used. For ERK inhibitor example, the Logistic PDF has the lowest correlation coefficient of all three models for both stations and does not appear suitable for this data set. However, the Hosking PPF, and both Weibull and Gumbel PDF, perform credibly. There were no differences in the performance of the PEM. It was decided to continue the frequency analysis investigations detailed in the following sections with Weibull PDF, L-Moments PEM and Hosking PPF. The extension and infilling process will likely include

more outliers and it is believed that this configuration will prove robust based upon previous literature and the performance noted above (Overeem et al., 2008). Re-analysis CYTH4 of the existing data with Weibull PDF, L-Moment PEM and Hosking PPF yielded more intense IDF curves in comparison to those determined previously by UWA (see Fig. 3). Firstly, there were spatial differences where NMIA IDF curves were very similar and differed by only 2% on average. However, SIA’s new IDF curves were higher than those determined previously by 2% to 238%, with a difference of 41% (see Fig. 4 top panels). This is particularly interesting as the small differences in the GOF measures did not suggest considerable increases in quantile predictions. The differences also increase in intensities with increasing RP between the existing UWA analysis results and the new Weibull PDF results from the experiments. For instance, the Weibull and Gumbel correspond almost identically for the 5 and 10 year RP for both stations. However, the differences increased for the 50 and 100 year RP. For instance, the differences for the NMIA and SIA stations 5 year RP predictions were zero and 2% respectively. However, they increased steadily to 5% and 85% for the 100 year RP. Re-analysis of the existing data with the Weibull L-Moments frequency analysis configuration also points to extreme events being more frequent than suggested by the former UWA analysis.